How Do You Make Decisions?

August 18, 2026

In another day I served on an interviewing panel that evaluated and made recommendations for police officer selection. A fellow panelist was a Police Lieutenant who eventually became Chief. A question he often asked candidates was “how do you make a decision?”

The Lieutenant evaluated responses on several factors. First, could the applicant think “on their feet,” and under pressure? Second, was there in fact a step-by-step thought process that went into the decision? Third, were the steps logical and sensible? Finally, did the process indicate an internal or external locus of control? In other words, was the decision predicated upon what would represent the more popular sentiment and cause the least resistance or was the decision based on personal and organizational values and represent what would be best for the “whole?”

How do you make your decisions, and what factors go into your process? How are you influenced? Is there a model you follow?

Morton Thiokol was a company with two primary missions. One was salt and chemicals (Morton, as in salt) and Thiokol, focused on aerospace and rockets.

Thiokol contracted with NASA to produce rubberized O-rings, a component of the solid rocket booster, which was a key element to propelling rocket ships into space.

Prior to launch day in early 1986, an uncharacteristically chilly morning prevailed at the Space Shuttle Challenger site in Cape Kennedy, FL. Weather forecasts predicted sub-freezing temperatures. Thiokol engineers debated the efficacy of the launch. It was unknown how the O-rings would perform in the cold. Delaying the launch, however, would not only result in inconvenience and financial setbacks, but disappoint those anxious to witness it.

Strong protests were voiced, especially by one engineer, Roger Boisjolly, until ultimately the pro-launch now decision was reached. On the morning of January 28, 1986, the Challenger exploded shortly after takeoff, taking the lives of seven passengers, including one teacher.

The 1984 Orange Bowl featured the undefeated and #1 ranked Nebraska Cornhuskers and the one loss and fourth-ranked Miami Hurricanes. A win for either would result in a likely National Championship due to the outcome of earlier bowl games that same day.

Late in the fourth quarter Miami was nursing a seven-point lead with less than a minute to play. A daring quarterback scramble by Nebraska on fourth down resulted in a touchdown and brought the Cornhuskers to within a point with seconds remaining on the clock. A near certain extra point kick would tie the score and result in Nebraska preserving an undefeated the college football championship.

Nebraska Coach Tom Osborne decided to go for the win via two-point conversion. When the conversion pass was batted down, the Cornhuskers were defeated and the Hurricanes crowned as national champions.

Questioned later about his decision, Osborne, remarked, “We were trying to win the game. I don’t think you go for a tie in that case. You try to win the game.”

A week later a reporter asked the coach again about his decision. “I don’t think any of our players would be satisfied with a tie. I don’t think that’s the way to do it.”

In the 1957 movie “Twelve Angry Men,” Henry Fonda plays a juror in what appears to be a “slam dunk” case of a “slum” kid murdering his abusive father. Before rendering a 12-0 decision Fonda first wants more discussion, testing the patience of the other 11 jurors, ready and anxious to “move on with their days.” Eventually another juror acknowledges there are more questions to be asked, followed by another until finally the jury reverses to a 12-0 “not guilty” verdict.

Consider other instances of high stake’s decisions with costs.

· John McCain, son of a Navy Admiral, declined preferential treatment in North Vietnam, accepting five and a half years of beatings and torture rather than choosing a release ahead of his troops. Years later, as a US Senator, he cast a deciding vote upholding the Affordable Care Act, bucking his political party.

· Gerald Ford, 38th US President, pardoned his predecessor, Richard Nixon, attempting to heal the country. Ford knew full well that his decision would likely cost him the next presidential election, and it proved indeed to be a contributing factor to his narrow defeat.

· Rosa Parks, a seamstress in Montgomery, AL, defied segregation laws in 1955 by refusing to give up her bus seat to white passengers. Her arrest led to the Montgomery bus boycott, a significant event in the civil rights movement.

Again, how do you make a decision? Would you have launched or grounded the Challenger? Went for a tie and a championship or insist on a win? Be the hesitant juror?

What will be your locus of control in decisions to come?

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